Telegraphic receiving organism.



I. KITSEB. TELBGRAPHIG RECEIVING ORGANISM.

APPLICATION 111,111) 11111.27, 11110.

985,760. I Patentd Feb. 28, 1911.

"19".) lVfTNE-SSES: INVENTOR.

UNITED OFFICE.

ISIDOR KITSEE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

TELEGRAPI-IIC RECEIVING ORGANISM.

Original application filed December 6, 1809, Serial No. 531,595.

Serial No. 540,417.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 28, 1911.

Divided and this application filed January T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ISIDOR Krrsnn, citizen of the United States,residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inTelegraphic Receiving Organism, (division of Serial No. 531,595,) ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in telegraphic receiving organismand is a division of an application for United States Letters Patentfiled by me December 6, 1909, Serial No. 531,595; the subject matterherein described and illustrated having been originally embodied in theapplication aforesaid and canceled therefrom by amendment. Its objectis, to translate or relay telegraphic impulses with the aid of receivingdevices inserted in the line and has more special reference totelegraphing over lines with distributed capacity, such as submarinecables.

To avoid any possibility of injury to the insulating coating of thecable, it is an essential condition that none but very weak currentsshould be employed and the receiving device has to be, therefore, of avery sensitive nature.

With devices as are now employed in cable telegraphy, such as areflecting galvanometer or siphon recorder, the messages transmitted canonly be read with the aid of the flash or recorded curves. It is the aimof my invention to translate these impulses into sound, if so required,or to relay the same automatically to another line. I make use of theproperty of a selenium cell to change the resistance through rays oflight. A selenium cell having normally a great resistance will offer tothe flow of the current far less resistance when exposed to such rays.But the shifting of the zero bars entirely the employment of seleniumcells with the arrangements of to-day.

My invention is applicable to that system of telegraphy over submarinecables, in which one character of the alphabet is symbolized by animpulse of one polarity and the second character by an impulse ofopposite polarity, both impulses of short duration.

My invention is also applicable to such system whereby an impulse of onepolarity signifies the commencing and an impulse of opposite polaritythe ending of a character,

and the time unit between these two impulses symbolizes if thischaracter is a dot or dash.

My invention may also be practiced with the well known reflectinggalvanometer or recording siphon or similar instrument, and it is theaim of my invention to produce an arrangement whereby the shifting ofthe zero is overcome, and the received impulse can be translated intosound or record with the aid of an electro-magnetic relay, no mat ter towhat extent the incoming impulses actuate the line relay and no matterif the normal zero position is reached by the re turn movement or not.

F or an illustration of one of the forms my invention may take,reference is had to the accompanying drawing, which is a diagrammaticview of a receiving organism embodying my invention.

111 the drawing: 1 represents the cable; A the receiving and B thetransmitting station. I have not illustrated in any of these stationscondensers or similar devices and I have also not illustrated in thisfigure a duplex arrangement, and these omissions do not in the leastinterfere with the working of my invention. At the receiving station Ihave illustrated, in conventional sign, a reflecting galvanometerconnected in series as to the cable and have designated the same by thenumeral 2. The local arrangement consists here of a series of seleniumcells designated respectively by the numerals 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.

8 is a battery consisting here of fifteen cells. I prefer that thisbattery should be of the storage or secondary type, and so as to avoidmisinterpretation, I will use hereafter for the selenium organism thedesignation cell and for the battery organism the designation secondary.In this drawing, the selenium cell nearest the zero is con nected tothree secondaries, the succeeding selenium is connected to sixsecondaries, the third selenium cell to nine secondaries, the fourth totwelve secondaries and the fifth to the whole set of secondaries, thatis, to fifteen. It is, therefore, evident that if a ray of light ismoving from the zero position, which is here designated as w, in thedirection of the unfeathered arrow, it will first impinge on the cellconnected to the lowest clectro-motive force and will, in its travel,sucessively impinge upon cells with successive higher electro-motiveforce, and when,

in its return movement, that ray of light] travels in the direction ofthe feathered arrow, 0., toward the zero position, then the ray o'l."light will. in'ipingc successively on suc cessive cells withsuccessively lower electromotive force.

5) is a converter or inductorium comprising the primary 10 and thesecondary 11. The battery 8 is connected with one pole, here shown asthe negative pole, through conductor 12 with one terminal of the primary10. The other terminal oi? this primary is connected with theinterposition of the switch 13 to one terminal of each of the seleniumcells 3, 4, 5, G and 7.

14 is a source of light, here illustrated in conventional sign as an.incandescent lamp.

to is a slot or perforation allowing a ray oi light. to issue from thesource of light and to impinge upon the mirror on the reflecting gal'anometcr 2. In this drawing, a collecting lens 10 is interposed in thepath of this ray.

17 is a relay, preferably of the polarized type, provided with thearmature 18 and the two stops 19 and 20.

21 is a sounder or similar instrument, one terminal of the coil of 21connected to stop 20 and the other terminal is connected with theinterposition of battery 22 to the armature 18 of relay 17.

At the transmitting station I have here shown an arrangement: wherebywith the aid of a. single key, ordinary Morse characters may betransmitted each character made up oi two impulses. In this transmittingarrangement, I employ two sets of batteries opposed to each other; onesetby preferenceo.t double the electroanotive force of the other set.The set with double electromotive force is here designated by thenumeral 30 and the opposing set by the numeral 31; the set 30 beingprovided with the shunt wires 32 and 33 adapted to be closed or openedwith the aid of the key 34 comprising the lever 35 and the stop 36. Toprevent short circuiting, I have provided the shunt path with theresistance 37.

The operation of this part of the device is as follows Normally, acurrent will flow over the line in the direction of the arrow a. Whenthe operator wishes to transmit messages, he operates the key in theusual manner. Through the closing of the key, the shunt around thesource 30 is established and the current will flow in the direction ofthe arrow 6. The time that the key is closed designates the kind ofcharacter the operator desires to transmit; the short closing of the keydesignating a dot and the longer closing of the key designating a dash.

The operation at the receiving station is as; follows :-It is supposedthat the operator at the transmitting station has closed the key andthat an impulse flows over the line l in the direction ol. the arrow 7)and that this impulse will, at the receiving station, actuate themovable part of the receiving device 2 in a manner so as to deflect thesame in the direction of the unteathered arrow at said receivingstation. The rays of light, theretore, will travel also in thisdirection and will make active one or more of the selenium cells. Therays of light, in their travel from the zero position, will first beimpinged on the cell nearest the zero, here designated as cell 3, andwill then, in their travel. sweep over a greater or lesser num ber ofsaid cells. hen the operator at the transmitting station opens the key,then the movable parts of the receiving device are deflected in theopposite direction, that is, in the direction of the feathered arrow atthe receiving station. The deflected rays of light, therefore will, intheir return to the former position, sweep again over that part of theorganism which they swept when deflected in the direction of theunfcathered arrow. But, whereas, the rays of light, in their travel fromthe zero position sweep successively over selenium cells with successivehigh OlCCtI'O-ll'lOt-lVG force, the same ravs of light, in their return,will sweep successively over the selenium cells with successive lowerelectro-motive force. When not impinged by the rays of light, all theselenium cells remain inactive. They ott'er such a high resistance tothe flow of the electric current that the primary 10 of the converter tiremains also inactive.

Normally, no current flows through the primary 1() of the converter H.When, now, the rays of light, in their travel from the zero position,impinge first on the cell with the lowest electro-motive force, thiscell will become. active and a current will flow through the primary 10;the farther the rays advance, the greater will be this flow. Thecoinn'u-rncemcnt of the How as well as the increase of the flow willresult in the generating of a secondary impulse in 1.1. of a directionopposite to the direction of the current flowing in the primary 10 andno matter how much the increase of How of the current in the primary TO.the direction of the impulse in the secondary 11 will always remain thesame. hen, now, the rays of light return toward their zero position.they will successively cease to in'iping'e on successive cells ofdecreasing electro-motive force, till they have entirely ceased toimpinge on any of the cells. The movement of the rays of light from acell of higher electro-motive force to a cell of lower electro-n'iotiveforce will reduce the flow of current in the primary 10 and thisdecrease in the flow of current will result in the generation of an im-].')lllS6:Ll1'l l'=l10 secondary l1 opposite to the first inducedimpulse; and when the rays of ligl'it, in their travel toward the zeroposithe cell farthest from tion, entirely cease to impinge on theselenium cell, then the ceasing of the llow of the current in 10 willonly intensify the second induced impulse, but this impulse will alwaysbe in one and the same direction; that is, opposite to the direction ofthe first impulse, because the starting of the flow of: a current in theprimary, or an increase in the low of a current in said primary, alwaysgenerates in the secondary an in'undse of a direction opposite to theflow in the primary and the decrease in the How of the current in theprimary or the entire cuting of said flow in the primary induces animpulse in the secondary in the same direction as the current formerlyflowing in said primary.

Let us suppose that the impulse generated in the secondary 11 throughthe connncncement or increase in the flow of a current in the primary 10is of a nature so as to impel the armature 18 of relay 17 from its stop19 toward and in contact with stop 20. The contacting of the armature 18with the contact 20 will close the circuit including the repeatingsounder 21 and battery The sounder, therefore, will become active andwill contact its armature with the lower stop, thereby producing theclick denoting a dot or dash, as the case may be, and closing suchcircuits as are connected thereto for the purpose of translating saidclick into the re quired character. I11 this arrangement, it isimmaterial if the rays of light, in their travel from the zero position,sweep the entire number of cells or only part of same; and it is alsoimmaterial if the rays of light, in their return movement to zero,travel backward the whole series of cells, or only part of same. I11other words, every movement of the rays of light toward a cell withincreasing electro-motive force will produce in the secondary an impulseof one direction and every movement of the rays of light from a cell ofhigh electro-motive force will produce in the secondary 11 an impulse ofopposite direction, no matter how many cells were included in thisforward or backward travel. In conjunction with this arrangement, it hasto be stated that usually condensers are inserted in the cable and that,therefore, the flow of the current from the source 30 or 31 will not becontinuous and the device 2 will not be unduly deflected.

I have, in this drawing, only illustrated fire selenium cells, but it isobvious that the number of selenium cells may be increased in accordancewith nequirements; and it should be noted that--"the deflection of themovable part of the receiving device 2 should be limited to such anextent that the rays of light therefrom, in the course tr sweeping overthe cells in the direction of the unfeathered arrow, shall not go beyondthe zero position.

The source of current 8 consists here of fifteen cells, but it isobvious that the number of cells as well as the taps from said cells maydiffer in accordance with requirei'i'icnts. In the transmittingarrangement, only two against. one cell is employed, but it is alsoobvious that the number of these cells may be increased in accordancewith requirements.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. In cable telegraphy, a receiving deviceiuscrtcrl in the line of transmission, a source of light, means at thereceiving device to deflect the rays from said source, a seleniumorganism, a source of current comprising a number of individual electriccells and a series of taps from said electric cells to said seleniumorganism, each tap embracing a number of electric cells differing fromthe number of cells embraced by the other taps.

2. In cable telegraphy, a receiving device inserted in the line oftransmission, a selenium organism, a source of light, means at saidreceiving device to deflect the rays from said source, a batteryconsisting of a number of electric cells connected together in series, aseries of connections from said battery to said selenium organism, eachsucceeding connection embracing a number of electric cells greater thanthe preceding connection, an inductorium, the primary connected to onepole of said battery and one pole of said selenium organism,respectively; the secondary connected to a polarized relay and means forsaid relay to translate the incoming impulses into readable characters.

3. In a device of the class described, a receiving device, aninductorium. a source of current. means to make active the primary ofsaid inductorium through said source and means to gradually increase theflow of the current through said primary in accordance with the greaterdegree of movement of the movable partof said receiving device, saidmeans comprising a series of taps connecting the different seleniumcells to dilferent parts of said source of current.

4. In cable telegraphy, in combination with means to transmit truereversals, means to receive said true reversals and translate the sameinto readable characters, said second means comprising a receivingdevice inserted in the line, a battery comprising a nnmber of electriccells connected in series, an mductorium and polarized relay, and alsocomprising a selenium organism connected at different parts withdifferent numbers of electric cells of said battery and meansoperatively related to the movable partof the receiving device to lowerthe resistance of different parts of the selenium organism.

5. In a receiving organism for cable telegranhy. a selenium organism, abattery comprising a number of electric cells connected together inseries, it number of connections between lil'l'erent parts of thebuttery and different parts of the selenium organism, each coni'iectionembracing a different number of electric cells.

6. In cable telegraphy, means to receive impulses and means to overcomethe effect of the shifting zero, said means comprising, a receivingdevice inserted in the cable a i selenium organism comprising a seriesof] selenium cells, it battery comprising av series I of electric cells,connections between each i selenium cell and different parts of saidbuttery, each succeeding connection comprising 1L number of cellsgreater than the number of cells of the preceding connection, a. source01 lightand means at the receiving device to deflect the rays from saidsource.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.I

ISIDOR KITSEE. Witnesses:

EDITH It. STILLEY, MARY 0. SMITH.

Copies of this patent may be obceined for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

